Ironiaren teoria pragmatiko kritikoa: zer eta nola komunikatzen du esaldi ironikoak
152 visitas recibidas
Autoría:
Joana Garmendia Mujika
Director/a:
Kepa Korta Carrion
Universidad:
Universidad del País Vasco
Facultad:
Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación
Departamento:
Lógica y Filosofía de la Ciencia
Área:
Filosofía
Año:
2007
|Ironia azaltzea erronka handia da Pragmatikaren ikuspuntutik: hiztun batek esaldi ironiko baten bidez komunikatzen duena esplikatzeak, hizkuntza naturalaren teoria pragmatiko orok jorratu behar dituen oinarrizko auziak ekartzen ditu argitara.
Lan honetan, hasteko, ironia pragmatikatik aztertu duten autore nagusien planteamenduak landu ditut; horien hurbilpenen ezintasun eta arazoak ulertzean, ironiak bere-bereak dituen zailtasunak atzeman ditut. Hori egin ondoren, zailtasun horiek pragmatikaren oinarrietan kokatu ditut, eta zera ondorioztatu dut: esandakoaren auziak ironiari ez ezik pragmatikari oro har eragiten diola.
Auzi horri erantzuteko, Korta eta Perryk (2006 eta 2007) abiarazitako Pragmatika Kritikoaren ildoa jorratzea aukeratu dut. Ildo hori zehatz aztertu, eta horren oinarri teorikoak garatu ditut, oro har esaldien azterketa pragmatikoa eta, bereziki, esaldi ironikoena, egiteko beharrezko zutabeak ezarri arte.
Zutabe horietatik abiatuz, ironiaren definizio aberatsagoa eta zehatzagoa osatu dut. Ironia ebb-fenomeno bat da: hiztun ironikoak bere esaldiaren eduki bat esango balu bezala egiten du (eduki horren eta bere usteen arteko diskordantzia intentzionala agerian utziz), eta beste eduki bat inplikatzen du. Halaber, ironiak badu zenbait ezaugarri bereizle, gainerako ebb-fenomenoetatik aldentzen dutena (kritika, umorea eta zenbait adierazpide berezi). Horixe da tesi honen muina.
Bukatzeko, ironia azaltzeak beste zenbait fenomenoren azterketari egin diezazkiokeen ekarpenak ekarri ditut gogora; hala nola, metaforaz, fikzioaz eta antzezpenaz aritu naiz.A critical pragmatic theory of irony: What an ironic utterance means, and how it does so.
Explaining ironic communication from a pragmatic standpoint has proved to be a challenge as interesting as it has been tricky: when analyzing what an ironic speaker communicates (and how she does so), arise the fundamental questions which every pragmatic theory of natural language must face.
Here I have firstly considered the main pragmatic approaches that have intended to explain ironic communication. The problems and limitations found in other authors¿ theories, have help me detect irony¿s own difficulties. Then, I¿ve situated these difficulties on pragmatic grounds, and concluded that the what is said issue affects not only irony, but Pragmatics in general.
In order to face the what is said issue, I¿ve opted to follow the Critical Pragmatics approach, founded by Korta & Perry (2006, 2007). I¿ve analyzed and developed its theoretical grounds, in order to establish the basis for an adequate pragmatic analysis of utterances in general and ironic utterances specifically.
Building upon these bases, I have put forward a general and detailed theory for explaining irony. Irony is an asif-phenomenon: the ironic speaker makes as if to say a content of her utterance ¿by overtly showing the intentional mismatch between that content and her beliefs¿, and implicates a different content. Moreover, irony has some special features that distinguish it from other asif-phenomena (criticism, humor and some distinguishing means of expression). That¿s the central claim of this dissertation.
To finish with, I have studied how this analysis of irony can contribute to the study of some other close phenomena ¿metaphors, fiction and pretense have been briefly considered.
