|Umeen erikortasun eta hilkortasunaren kausa nagusienetariko bat hipoxia-iskemia perinatala da, hortaz bere aurkako estrategia neurobabesle berri eta eraginkorragoak aurkitzearen premia. Zentzu honetan erresberatrola eta azido dokosahexanoikoa bezalako antioxidatzaileen aukera neurobabesleen interesa handitu izan da azken aldi honetan.
Lan honen helburu nagusiena antioxidatzaile hauek banaka eta bien arteko konbinazioak hipoxia-iskemia perinatalak arratoeitan eragindako burmuin-kaltearen aurkako eragin neurobabeslea ikertzea izan zen.
Gure emaitzek iradokitzen dute erresberatrola eta azido dokosahexanoikoaren pretratamenduek hipoxia-iskemia neonatalak eragindako burmuin-kaltean efektu neurobasbesleak dituela, infartuaren bolumena txikitu, zelulen kaltea leundu, mielinaren ekoizpena mantendu, astrogliosi errekatiboa eta mikrogliaren aktibazioa urritu baitute. Gainera, haien eraginak epe luzera hedatzen dira, animalia helduetan egindako frogen ostean antioxidatzaileek kognizio asaldurak eta konexio neuronalen galera ekiditen dituztelako. Antioxidatzaile hauen mekanismo neurobabesletako bat mitokondriaren barne-mintzeko osotasuna eta trasmintzeko potentziala mantentzea dela espekulatzen dugu, oxigenoaren espezie erradikalen ekoizpena gutxitzeaz gain.
One of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children is perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, so new and more effective neuroprotective strategies are urgently required, in order to minimize as much as possible the neurological consequences of this encephalopathy. In this sense, interest has grown in the neuroprotective possibilities of antioxidants, such as resveratrol and docosahexaenoic acid.
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in different plant species, including grapevines, peanuts and pomegranates, with the ability to scavenge a variety of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Docosahexaenoic acid is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, commonly found in fish such as salmon and tuna with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that is believed to be neuroprotectant against experimental brain injury.
The aim of the present work is to study the important role of those antioxidants independently and the combination of both as a neuroprotective strategy against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in perinatal rats.
Our results indicate that pretreatments with resveratrol and docosahexaenoic acid protect against brain damage, reducing infarct volume, preserving myelination and minimizing the astroglial reactive response and microglial activity. Moreover their neuroprotective effects were found to be long lasting, as behavioral outcomes and neuronal conexions were significantly improved at adulthood. We speculate that one of the mechanisms for their neuroprotection may be related to the maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and potential, and to the reduction of reactive oxygen species.
